Grate.



I. S. WILSON.

GRATE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. II.

' Patented 0015.221918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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pl 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 1 00000000000000 OOOOOOOOcNOOOO 00000000000000000900050000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 0000 0000000 J. S. WlLSON.

GRATEQ APPLICATION FILED NOV-7.19K?.

1,282,346. Patented Oct'. 22, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l. S. WILSON.

GRATE.

APPLICATION man Nov.1.1911.

SHEET 3.

Patented Oct. 22

3 S H EET S attouwg S.

NI SA i FTQ.

GRATE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Got. 22, 1918.

Application led November 7, 1917. Sera1No.200,764.

To all whomz't may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES S. WILSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGratos, of which the following is a speciiication.`

This invention relates to grates of that type in which the sectionscomprising the grate a're mounted upon rocking bearing bars whereby thegrate may be dumped. Ordinarily, the sections of such a grate arepositively secured to the bearing bars either by being bolted thereto,riveted in place, or secured by some other positive fastening means.Therefore, when it becomes necessary to replace one of the sections orto remove a section for the purpose of making repairs, the bolt must beremoved, the rivet cut, or whatever other type of fastening device isemployed must be manipulated so as to permit of removal of the section.As such fastening devices are of necessity located beneath the grate,considerable inconvenience is experienced in removing a section fromsuch a grate and, furthermore, the operation requires considerable time.Realizing the disadvantages resulting from the use of positive means forsecuring the sections of a grate of this type upon the rocking bars, Ihave aimed in the present 1nvention to provide a rocking bar and gratesection so constructed that the sections may be readily mounted upon therocking bar, will be firmly held against upward displace` ment, when'thebar is rocked to dump the grate, and under all other conditions, and yetmay be readily removed from the rocking bar merely by being liftedupwardly. Thus the necessity of Working beneath the grate in order todisconnect a section thereof is obviated and the necessary repairs maybe made in a much shorter space of time.

The present invention is also designed as an improvement over the gratestructure shown in my copending application filed April 24, 1917, SerialNumber 164,140. Both the structure of the copending application and thatof the present invention, are designed for the burning of culm or otherextremely fine grades of coal. A grate designed for this purpose musthave its draft perfor-ations relatively minute and they must be more orless evenly distributed throughout the entire area of the grate and mustall be of substantially the same size or possess such othercharacteristics that the draft passing upwardly through the grate willbe no stronger at one point than at another, generally speaking. Thegrate -is made up in eachinstance of sections arranged side by side andend to end, each section having its body formed with a number ofrelatively minute perforations distributed in a uniform manner. If themeeting or adjacent ends of the sections were permitted to rest in snugcontact to each other, it is obvious that at the adjacent and meetingends of the sections, there would be little or no draft and as a resultthe bed of fuel would not be evenly supplied with draft. Therefore, itis desirable that the meeting ends of adjacent sections of grate beslightly spaced so as to provide between them a draft passage which willsupply draft to substantially the same extent as would be the case ifthe grate surface was integral throughout and provided in all portionsof its area with the perforations mentioned. However, if there is merelya vertical passage provided between the meeting ends of adjacentsections of the grate the draft, being direct, will be stronger than atother portions of the grate surface and as a result `holes would beblown through the fuel at the said meeting ends of adjacent sections.Therefore, in the present structure, as well as in the structure of thecopending application, a broken or tortuous passage is provided betweenthe meeting ends of adjacent grate sections so that the draft will besufliciently broken up to prevent the blowing of holes through the fuel.

In order that the draft passage provided between the meeting ends ofadjacent sections of the grate may be effective at all times, it isessential, because of its tortuous nature, that it he kept clear ofaccumulations of small particles of fuel, ashes, etc., and the presentinvention, therefore, has as a further aim to so form the meeting endsof adjacent sections of the grate that a portion of the air current-spassing upwardly through the passages between the said ends of thesections, will be deflected in a manner to keep clear the under surfacesof the passages and also to retard the progress and reduce the force ofthe ascending air currents entering the passage.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of al portion of a grate constructed inaccordance with the present invention. 1

Fig. 2 is a detail vertical sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1,looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one end of one of the bearing bars forthe grate section. v

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical longitudinal sectional view through themeeting ends of tWO adjacent sections.

Fig. 5 is ai vdetail vertical sectional view through one of thebearingbars and illustrating in elevation the normal position thereon ofthe saddle of one of the grate sections.

Fig. 6 is a similar view but illustrating the manner in which the saddleis to be tilted in orderl to provide for removal of the grate sectionfrom the bearing bar.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of one of the bearing bars.

Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of one end of one of the sections.

Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view illustrating thepositions assumed by the parts when a clinker or the like becomes lodgedbetween the meeting ends of adjacent sections of the grate in theclosing of the grate.

rlhe bearing bar of the grate is indicated in general by the numeral 1,the bar proper being indicated by the numeral 2 and being provided atits ends with heads 3 and 4. Each of the heads is provided upon itsouter face near its upper side with a trunnion 5 and these trunnions areseated in suitable bearings within the fire box of the furnace andsupport the bcaringbars for rocking movement. rlhe head 3 of eachbearing bar is provided with a downward extension 6 upon the inner faceof which. is formed or provided a pin 7, and pivotally connected withthe pins 7 of the several bars in a front to rear series, is anoperating rod 8i which may be moved forwardly and rearwardly so as torock the bearing bars and tilt the grate sections to dumping position.The numeral 9 indicates members between which the bearing bars aremounted for rocking movement and in order to prevent the draft passingtoo forcibly up between the heads 3 and 4 and the'respective members 9,and yet provide for the desired degree of draft, the outer face ofeachfhead 3 and 4 is formed with a relatively thin boss 10, whichsurrounds the trunnion 5 and serves to slightly space the upper portionsof the said heads from the respective members 9 and thereby provide anarrow draft passage. The said upper portion of each head is preferablyslightly thickened, as indicated by the numeral 11, and this thickenedportion is formed in its under side with a rounded groove 12 whichextends throughout the length of the thickened portion. It will nowbe'appar'ent that air currents pass up between the heads 3 and 4 and therespective members 9 and striking the curved wall of the groove 12, willbe broken up and whirled to such an extent that they will not pass tooforcibly up through the passages or spaces provided between the saidheads and the said members 9.

The bearing bar proper has its upper edge beveled, as indicated by thenumeral 13, the bevel extending downwardly toward the forward side ofthe said bar and the bar at it-s lower edge is formed upon its said sideor face, with a forwardly extending seating flange 14, the upper face 0fwhich is inclined downwardly and forwardly, as indicated by the numeral15. Above Aits lower edge and upon its other face the bearing bar isformed with a locking shoulder 16, and the said seating flange-14 andlocking shoulder 16 extend the entire length of the bar and serve inconjunction with the vbeveled upper edge 13 of the bar, a purpose to bepresently explained. Each of the grate sections embodying the inventioncomprises a body 17 having flat upper and under faces and the body ofeach section is formed throughout its area with a plurality ofrelatively minute draft openings 18 which are symmetrically arranged andpreferably substantially equi-distantly spaced so as t0 equallydistribute the draft throughout the area of the said section. Each ofthe openings 18 is preferably of conical form, the

minor end opening through the upper surface of the body 17 and the lowerend through the under surface thereof, so that :any small particles offuel or ashes entering` the upper end of any of the openings will notlodge in the opening but will fall through same and into the ash pit.The grate sections are oblong and each has its upper face at its rearend recessed, as indicated by the numeral 19, the`inner wall'20 of therecess being inclined downwardly and rearwardly at a slight angle and,in fact, nearly approaching the vertical, and the bottom wall of therecess being inclined downwardly and rearwardly as indicated by thenumeral 21, at an angle nearly approaching the horizontal. The recess 19extends the entire width of the said rear end of the section and withinthe recess the section is formed substantially midway between the endsof the recess, with a lug 22, which is received loosely in a recess tobe presently described and which is of sufficient width to bridge theair passage provided between the meeting endsof adjacent sections, aswill be apparent byreference to Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings, so thatin raking the fuel over the grate the poker will not be liable to catchin the upper end of the passage. The body 17 of each section has itsforward edge inclined downwardly and rearwardly, as indicated by thenumeral 23, the 4angle of inclination of this portion being slightlygreater than that of the inner wall 20 of the recess 19, however, sothat when two of the sections are disposed end to end, a draft passage,indicated by the numeral 24 and f shown clearly in Fig. 4 of thedrawings, will be formed, and this passage will be relatively narrow atits upper end but due to the difference in the angle of inclination ofthe edge surface 23 and recess wall 20, will greatly increase in sizetoward its lower end. At the bottom of the inclined edge surface 23 theunder side of the body 17 is inclined downwardly and rearwardly, asindicated by the numeral 25, this inclined surface opposing the surface21 but being much narrower than the said surface 21. Also, the surface25 is located .substantially above or opposite the central portion ofthe surface 21 or, in other words, about midway between the innerand'outer edges of the bottom wall of the recess 19. Rearwardly of thesurface 25 the under side of the body 17 is formed throughout its widthwith a downwardly presented groove 26 the wall of which is curved fromfront to rear. The groove 26 is so located that nearly the entire areaof its wall is located opposite the rear portion of the .surface 2l andit will be observed that the lower portion of the wall of the groove atthe rear side of the groove is spaced rearwardly from the rear edge ofthe wall 21 of the recess 19 so as to provide an inlet to the draftpassage 24. By reference to Fig. 4 of the drawings it will also beobserved that certain of the openings 18, indicated specifically by thenumeral 18a, are so located that their lower ends open through the underside of the section at the forward portion of the groove 26 and throughthe surface 25. In order to receive the boss 22 of an adjacent section,the forward end of the body 17 is formed with a recess 27 it beingunderstood that the walls of the recess are spaced from the rear andlateral faces of the boss 22 when the sections are assembled so as tointerfere as little as possible with the passage of air currentsupwardly through the passage 24 at the point of location of the boss andrecess. It will now be understood that air currents entering the lowerend of the draft passage 24, will pass upwardly through the passage butwill be considerably broken up before reaching the upper end of thepassage and, therefore, while the upper end of the passage extends theentire length of the meeting ends of two adjacent sections, the draftdelivered through the passage will not possess any greater force thanthe draft delivered directly through the openings 18. In other words,the passage is of such dimensions and contour that the draft deliveredthrough the upper end thereof will be no greater in volume and forcethan if a line or'series of the openings 18 were located at thisparticular point. It will also be understood that a part of the aircurrents entering the lower end of the passage 24 will strike the wall26 and will be deflected in a whirling manner in the direction of theinclined surface 21 so as to produce counter currents, or a back draft,that will further retard the ascent, and break the force of the aircurrents entering the passage. l

The body 17 of each of the grate sections is supported between saddlepieces 28 which are cast integral with the under side of the body 17 atthe side edges thereof, the saddles 28 occupying vertical parallelplanes and being preferably of the marginal outline shown clearly inFig. 2 of the drawings. Each saddle 28 is formed with a recess 29 whichopens through the lower edge of the saddle and the recess is defined bya front wall 30, a rear wall 31, and a top wall 32. The rear wall 31extends vertically whereas the front wall 30 extends downwardly andforwardly at an angle with respect to the rear wall 31 so that therecess is of greater width at its lower end than at its upper end. Also,the top wall 32 extends downwardly and forwardly at an angle or, inother words, at an acute angle to the rear wall 31. At the bottom of therecess the forward wall 30 is more sharply inclined 100 downwardly andforwardly, as indicated by the numeral 33, so as to provide a seatingrecess as will be presently explained. Also for a purpose to bepresently explained, the rear wall 31 is formed a short distance above105 the bottom of the recess with a notch 34 having a downwardly andrearwardly curved rear wall 35 and a downwardly and forwardly inclinedbottom wall 36. Vhen the sections are disposed upon the bearing 110bars, the saddles will assume the positions shown in Fig. 5 of thedrawings, in which position the top wall 32 of the recess 29 of eachsaddle will rest upon the lower edge of the surface 13, as indicated bythe nu- 115 meral 37; the rear wall 31 of the recess will rest againstthe rear face of the respective bearing bar 2; the upper or rear portionof the surface 33 will rest upon the lower or forward portion of thesurface 15 of the 120 seating ange 14; and, the shoulder 16 will bereceived within the notch 34 with its upper and under surfaces, however,entirely spaced from the opposing walls 35 and 36 respectively of thesaid notch. rIhus the 125 saddles of a section of the grate will restfirmly and securely upon the respective bearing bar 2 and yet the partsare free to expand and contract without affecting the position of thebody of the section. For ex- 130 Y the bearing bar.

ample, it will be understood that inasmuch as the surfaces 15 and 33 areinclined downwardly and forwardly, as also the surfaces 13 and 32, therear wall 31 of the recess 29 will be caused to seat firmly vagainst therear face of the bearing bar, due to the downward and forward settlingof the section by gravity; and should the saddles eX- pand to a greaterdegree than the bearing bar, which is likely to occur as they are subjected to a higher degree of temperature than the bearing bars, the rearwall 31 of the recess 29 will still remain in firm contact with the rearface of the bearing bar and the surfaces 32 and 33 will merely ride downrespectively over the edge of the surface 13 and over the surface 15,the surface 32 being inclined at the same angle as the surface 15. 0fcourse, as the parts contract when subjected to a lesser degree oftemperature, the surfaces 32 and 33 will ride upwardly respectively overthe lower edge of the surface 13 and over the surface 15, the rear wallof the recess 29 still remaining in firm engagement against the rearface of In the ordinary rocking of the sections in dumping the grate,the saddles 23 will not materially change their positions with relationto the bearing bars but even should a clinlrer or the like lodge betweenthe meeting ends of adjacent sections, as shown in Fig. 9 of thedrawings,

Y there would be no accidental disengagement of the rearward sectionfrom its bearing bar although it would be forced upwardly as shown inthe said figure. This is due to the fact that when the forward end ofthe section is forced or lifted upwardly, the saddles23 of the sectionwill be so canted upon the bearing bar that the bottom wall 36 of thenotch 341 will engage against the under side of the shoulder 16, thesurface of the rear wall of the bar 2 below the shoulder 16 will bearfirmly against the surface 31, and the upper surface of the wall 30 willbind firmly against the adjacent surface of the bearing bar 2, thuseffectually locking the saddles against farther upward movement upon therespective bearing bar. However, when it is desired or becomes necessaryto remove a section from its bearing bar this may be readilyaccomplished by shifting the section rearwardly so as to cause thesurfaces 32 and 33 to ride upwardly respectively upon the lower edge ofthe surface 13 and upon the surface 15 until the front wall (30 of therecess 29 is brought to position against the forward face of the bearingbar 2. Due to the .downward and forward inclination of the front wall 30of the recess 29, when the section has`been shifted in the mannerstated, the bottom wall 36 of the notch 34 will have been moved to aposition considerably rearwardly of a vertical line touching Vthe rearedge of the shoulder 16 and the section may then be lifted bodily vfromits position upon the bearing bar.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is:

1. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddleconstructed for assemblage with the said bar, and coacting means uponthe saddle and bar preventing direct upward removal of the said sectionfrom the bar and permitting of removal subsequent to tilting of thesaddle in a predetermined direction at right angles to the length of thesaid bar.

2. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddleconstructed for assemblage with the said bar and coacting means upon thesaddle and bar for preventing direct upward removal of the said sectionfrom the bar, for automatically locking the saddle to the bar uponupward tilting of one end of the section, and permitting the removal ofthe section subsequent to tilting of the sec tion in the oppositedirection-relative to the said Jbar.

3. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating flange at one side and ashoulder at the other side, and a grate section having a saddle providedwith a recess to Vreceive the bearing bar and having a seating surfaceto rest upon the seating flangeand engaging the upper side only ofsaidiiange, one wall of the recess having a notch to receive the saidshoulder upon the bearing bar.

4. In a grate, a bearing bar having. Va shoulder upon one side thereof,and a grate section having a saddle provided with a recess to receivethe bar and having in one wall of the recess a notch to receive saidshoulder, the walls of the notch being spaced from'the said shoulder.

5. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating surface at one side and ashoulder at the other side, and a grate section having a saddleconstructed to straddle the bearing bar, the said saddle being providedwith a bearing surface for coaction with `the seating surface uponthebar and being further provided with a notch to receive said shoulderupon thebearing bar with the walls of the notch spaced from the saidshoulder.

6. In a grate, a bearing bar having a seating surface at one side andprovided at its other side with a shoulder, and a grate section having asaddle formed with a recess the walls of which are designed to str addlethe said bar,'the'said walls of the recess being diverged downwardly andthe said saddle being provided at the lower end of one side of therecess with a bearing surface to bear downwardly upon the seatingsurface upon the bar and the other 'wall of the recess having a notch toloosely receive the'said shoulder. Y f

7. In a grate,a bearing bar provided at one side with Y a seatingsurface inclined downwardly, and a grate section having a saddleprovided with a recess to receive the said bar, the recess being widerthan the thickness of the bar and the said saddle having an inclinedbearing surface resting against the said surface of the bar whereby bygravity the saddle will settle to position with one Wall of the recessseating rmly against one face of the said bar.

8. In a grate, a bearing bar provided with an inclined seating surfaceat its upper edge and an inclined seating surface at one of its faces,and a grate section having'a saddle provided with a recess to receivethe bar, the

vupper wall of the said recess being inclined and resting upon the firstmentioned seating surface of the bar, the said saddle being furtherprovided with an inclined seating surface bearing against the secondmentioned seating surface of the bar.

9. In a grate, a bearing bar provided at its upper edge with an inclinedseating surface and provided at one face with a second inclined seatingsurface, the bar being provided at its other face with a shoulder, and agrate section having a saddle formed with a recess of greater width thanthe thickness of the bar, the upper wall of the recess being inclined toprovide a bearing surface resting against the first mentioned seatingsurface of the bar, the said saddle being provided with a second bearingsurface resting upon the second mentioned seating surface of the bar,and one wall of the recess having a notch to receive the said shoulder.

10. In a grate, a bearing bar having an inclined seating surface at oneface thereof and having a shoulder at the other face, and a gratesection having a saddle formed with a recess to receive the said bar andprovided in one wall with a notch to receive the said shoulder, thesaddle having a portion resting by gravity upon the seating surface ofthe bar, whereby the saddle will seat by gravity to position with thesaid face of the recessv resting against the shoulder face of the bar,the notch in the said wall of the recess having its walls normallyspaced from the faces of the shoulder.

11. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddleconstructed to straddle the bar, coacting means upon the saddle and barto cause the saddle to seat by gravity in position with a surfacethereof resting against one face of the said bar, the said bar at itssaid face being provided with a shoulder, and the said surface beingformed with a notch loosely receiving the said shoulder.

l2. In a grate, a bearing bar, a grate section having a saddle formedwith a recess to receive the said bar and of a width greater than thethickness of the bar, one wall of the recess resting normally againstone face of the bar, the opposite wall of the recess divergingdownwardly from the opposite face of the bar, the saddle at the lowerend of the last mentioned wall of the recess having an inclined bearingsurface and the said bar having an inclined seating surface upon whichthe bearing surface rests, the upper edge of the bar being formed withan inclined seating surface, the upper wall of the recess `beinginclined to provide a bearing surface resting upon the last mentionedseating surface of the bar, the last nientioned seating and bearingsurfaces occupying non-parallel planes in the normal positions of theparts, the first mentioned wall of the recess having a notch, and ashoulder upon that face of the bar against which the first mentionedwall 'of the recess rests, the shoulder being loosely received in saidnotch.

13. In a grate, sections assembled end to end with their said endsrelatively spaced to provide a draft passage having relatively angularlyextending branches, one of which branches has an inclined bottom wall,the upper wall of the said branch being concaved above the said inclinedbottom wall to create whirling air currents within the passage sweepingover the first mentioned Wall of the branch.

v141e In a grate, sections assembled end to end with their said endsrelatively separated to provide a draft passage, one wall of the passagebeing concaved to create whirling air currents within the passagesweeping over the opposite wall of the passage, and the latter wallbeing flat and inclined downwardly.

l5. In a grate, sections' assembled end to end with their said endsrelatively separated to provide a draft passage, the end of one sectionhaving a surface portion concaved to create whirling currents within thepassage, and one of the sections being formed with draft perforationscommunieating at their lower ends with the said passage.

16. A grate section formed at one end with a surface inclined downwardlyand outwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with a surfaceinclined downwardly and outwardly from the first mentioned surface at anangle approaching the horizontal, the other end of the section beingformed with a surface inclined downwardly and inwardly at an angleapproaching the vertical and with a short surface inclined downwardlyand inwardly at an angle apvproaching the horizontal, and inwardly ofthe last mentioned surface being formed vith a concave transverselyextending surace.

17. A. grate section formed at one end with a surface inclineddownwardly and outwardly at an angle approaching the vertical and with asurface inclined downwardly and outwardly from the first mentionedsurface at an angle approaching the horizontal, the other end of thesection being formed with a surfaceinclined downwardly and inwardly atan angle approaching the vertical and with a short surface inclineddownwardly and inwardly at an angle approaching the horizontal, andinwardly of the last mentioned surface being formed with a concavetransversely extending surface, ther said section at its last mentionedend being formed with a draft perforation opening through the saidcurved surface.

18. ln a grate, sections assembled end to Copies of this patent may beobtained for end with their said ends relatively. separated to provideadraft passage, the upper portion of which is nearly vertical and thelower portion of which is inclined downwardly7 the upper wall of thelast-mentioned portion of the passage being coneaved whereby to createwhirling currents of air within the said lower portion of the passagesweeping over the 'bottom wall of the said portion.

In testimony whereof I afiX my signature.

' JAMES s. wrLsoN. {La} five cents each, by addressing the Commissionerof Patents, Washington, D. C.

